Dr Jekyll Und Mr Hyde Film

1941 American horror film directed past Victor Fleming

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Theatrical release affiche
Directed by	Victor Fleming
Written by	John Lee Mahin Percy Heath Samuel Hoffenstein
Based on	Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson
Produced by	Victor Saville
Starring	Spencer Tracy Ingrid Bergman Lana Turner
Cinematography	Joseph Ruttenberg
Edited past	Harold F. Kress
Music by	Franz Waxman
Production company	Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Distributed by	Loew'due south, Inc.
Release date	August 12, 1941 (1941-08-12)
Running time	127 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English language
Budget	$1.1 million^[1]
Box office	$ii.3 million^[1]

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a 1941 American horror film starring Spencer Tracy, Ingrid Bergman, and Lana Turner. The production also features Donald Well-baked, Ian Hunter, Barton MacLane, C. Aubrey Smith, and Sara Allgood. Its storyline is based on the 1886 Gothic novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde written by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. There take been many filmed adaptations of the novella. This moving picture was a remake of the Oscar-winning 1931 version starring Fredric March.

Released in August 1941, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was a commercial success, and was nominated for three University Awards.

Plot [edit]

In 1887 London, Dr. Henry Jekyll is performing inquiry experiments on the possibility of separating the skilful and evil aspects of human nature. Jekyll is in love with Beatrix Emery, but her father, Sir Charles, is skeptical of Jekyll's radical ideas. Jekyll develops a serum that he attempts to utilise on Sam Higgins, a patient who went insane afterwards suffering a gas works explosion, but the plan fails when Jekyll learns Sam has died. Instead, Jekyll impulsively takes the serum himself, and is transformed in mindset and eyebrow into a malevolent alter ego. Jekyll takes an antidote to reverse the serum's furnishings, simply not before experience an auditory hallucination in which a voice speaks: "Mr. Hyde."

Beatrix departs England on a trip with her begetter, leaving Jekyll alone. When Beatrix's vacation is extended, Jekyll continues to experiment with the serum, ingesting another dose. In his change ego of Mr. Hyde, he ventures into a music hall where he sees attractive barmaid Ivy Peterson, whom he saved from an attacker in the streets some weeks before. Ivy does not recognize him, and becomes frightened when approaching his tabular array. A brawl ensues among the patrons, later on which Hyde convinces the hall owner to fire Ivy. Hyde takes a reluctant Ivy home with him, and rapes her in the carriage.

While Beatrix grows concerned afterward receiving no correspondence, Hyde provides Ivy housing in a flat, though she lives in fear of his unpredictable behavior. Ivy's friend Marcia suspects Ivy is being abused when she sees bruises on her. Upon learning that Beatrix has returned to England, Jekyll vows not to take the serum again. He sends Ivy an bearding souvenir of money before destroying the key to the street entrance of his laboratory, the entrance that he had been using while under the influence of Hyde. Later, Ivy visits Jekyll as a patient, and recognizes him every bit the human who helped her in the street. When she shows him her injuries and he realizes what Hyde has done to her, Jekyll is ashamed.

After that dark, as Jekyll ventures to run across Beatrix, who has returned to England, he unexpectedly transforms into Hyde without having ingested the serum. Hyde instead ventures to Ivy'due south flat and finds her drunk and jubilant her freedom from him. When Hyde repeats phrases that Jekyll spoke to her, she grows terrified and begins screaming, resulting in Hyde strangling her to expiry. Hyde flees to the laboratory, just cannot enter as Jekyll destroyed the key; instead, Hyde visits Dr. John Lanyon, a friend of Jekyll. Lanyon provides him the medication that works as the antidote, and Hyde reverts dorsum to Jekyll, much to Lanyon'south horror.

Jekyll confesses to Lanyon everything that has transpired, and proceeds to visit Beatrix to cease their appointment. Beatrix is distraught by the incident, and is horrified when he returns transformed as Hyde. Beatrix screams before losing consciousness. Her father, roused by Beatrix'due south scream, enters the room, merely to be bludgeoned to death by Hyde with Jekyll's cane. Hyde flees back to the laboratory, and, unable to enter through the street door, pushes past Jekyll's butler, Poole. Meanwhile, equally constabulary investigate Sir Charles'southward body, Lanyon arrives and observes that Jekyll's cane was the murder weapon. Realizing Jekyll committed the law-breaking while in his alter ego state every bit Mr. Hyde, Lanyon convinces police to accompany him to Jekyll's home.

Lanyon and the government get in at Jekyll's home moments afterward Hyde has ingested the antidote and turned back into Jekyll. Breaking down the door to the laboratory, they confront him nearly Sir Charles'south murder. The psychological stress of the situation triggers Jekyll into returning back into Mr. Hyde, and he becomes vehement. While attempting to fight police, Hyde is shot by law. As he dies, his demeanor and countenance slowly morphs back into that of Jekyll.

Bandage [edit]

Spencer Tracy every bit Dr. Henry Jekyll / Mr. Edward Hyde
Ingrid Bergman as Ivy Pearson
Lana Turner every bit Beatrix Emery
Donald Crisp as Sir Charles Emery
Ian Hunter as John Lanyon
Barton MacLane as Sam Higgins
C. Aubrey Smith every bit Bishop Manners
Peter Godfrey as Poole, Jekyll'southward butler
Sara Allgood as Mrs. Higgins
Frederic Worlock as Dr. Heath
William Tannen as Intern Fenwick
Frances Robinson as Marcia
Denis Greenish equally Freddie
Billy Bevan equally Mr. Weller
Forrester Harvey as Old Prouty
Lumsden Hare equally Colonel Weymouth
Lawrence Grant as Dr. Courtland
John Barclay as Constable at Church building
Colin Kenny as Lawman
Lydia Bilbrook Lady Copewell
Alec Craig as Waiter

Analysis [edit]

Scholar Angela Smith writes that the film does not describe a significant physical difference betwixt Jekyll and Hyde, suggesting that, unlike in other iterations of the story, the film places "greater emphasis on the psychological and neurological elements of concrete disorders and testifies to the unreliability of the actual outside as a sign of health or degeneracy."^[2] She further cites that the hallucinatory sequences in the film featuring both Ivy and Beatrix (which occur when Jekyll ingests the serum) "conflate epileptic and sexual release, pointing to repressed sexual desires as the source of individual malaise."^[3] Smith summarizes that the film'southward treatment of the source material "suggests the complex network of physiology, neurology, psychology, sexuality, and environment that is shaped in the relationship between harm and medicine."^[2]

Product [edit]

Development [edit]

Rather than being a new film version of Robert Louis Stevenson's novella, this Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a direct remake of the 1931 film of the aforementioned title. Both Hollywood productions differ profoundly from the original literary work due to their heavy reliance on Thomas Russell Sullivan'south 1887 stage adaptation of the story. The managing director for the 1941 film was Victor Fleming, who had directed Gone with the Wind and codirected The Sorcerer of Oz, two major releases by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1939. MGM, where Fleming was nether contract, acquired total rights to the 1931 motion-picture show from Paramount Pictures prior to Fleming'south production. Co-ordinate to the Robert Louis Stevenson website existence archived and preserved by the British Library, subsequent to that acquisition MGM studio executives "hid the [1931] film away to avert competition with their remake".^[iv] The 1931 version then, due to ongoing legal restrictions and the lack of readily available copies, was finer "lost" for over a quarter of a century, not generally available once again for re-screenings and written report until 1967.^[4]

MGM's 1941 remake was produced by Victor Saville and adapted past John Lee Mahin from the screenplay of the earlier movie by Percy Heath and Samuel Hoffenstein. The score was composed past Franz Waxman with uncredited contributions by Daniele Amfitheatrof and Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco. The cinematographer was Joseph Ruttenberg, the art manager was Cedric Gibbons, and the costume designers were Adrian and Gile Steele. Jack Dawn created the make-upwards for the dissolute Mr. Hyde'south appearance.

The PCA was very specific in characterizing Ivy every bit a barmaid rather than a prostitute, as she is characterized in the source material.^[5]

Casting [edit]

Despite having not yet met his after co-star Katharine Hepburn (they met working on Woman of the Yr in 1942), Tracy originally wanted her to play both Bergman's and Turner's roles as the "bad" and "good" woman, who would and so turn out to be the same person.^[6]

Initial casting had Bergman playing the virtuous fiancée of Jekyll and Turner as Ivy. However, Bergman, tired of playing saintly characters and fearing typecasting, pleaded with Victor Fleming that she and Turner switch roles. After a screen test, Fleming immune Bergman to play a grittier role for the first time.^[6] ^[7]

Release [edit]

Box office [edit]

According to MGM records the film earned $ii,351,000 resulting in a turn a profit of $350,000.^[one]

Critical reception [edit]

Subsequently its preview of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in late July 1941, the trade paper Diverseness cited some weaknesses in the development of characters and situations in the pic's plot; but, overall, the popular New York publication gave the production a very positive cess. Variety predicted the moving-picture show would exist "one of the big ones for autumn release" and focused special attention on Bergman'due south performance and screen presence.^[8] Information technology compared likewise Hyde's physical advent with his portrayals in the 1925 and 1931 interpretations of Stevenson's novella:

...Tracy plays the dual roles with conviction. His transformations from the immature doc...to the demonic Mr. Hyde are brought almost with considerably less alterations in face and stature than audiences might expect, remembering John Barrymore and Frederic March in earlier versions. What is likely to happen when the new "Jekyll" moves into general distribution after Sept. i, is more than generous recognition of Ingrid Bergman every bit a screen extra of exceptional ability....In every scene in which the 2 announced, she is Tracy's equal as a strong screen personality.^[8]

The Moving picture Daily praised the picture show in its review, heaping near of its accolades on Victor Fleming and his direction.^[9] The trade paper, which was widely read by theater owners or "exhibitors", complimented Fleming's pacing and staging of the story and described his "handling of the players" every bit "flawless".^[9]

Outside the realm of motion picture-manufacture trade papers, the general public in 1941 had more than mixed reviews about Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. One case of those reactions tin can be found in the contemporary fan magazine Hollywood, which was distributed nationally each month by Fawcett Publications in Louisville, Kentucky.^[x] Hollywood recommended that its readership "should see the picture", citing once once more Bergman'southward excellent, "breath-taking" portrayal of Ivy.^[11] The monthly did, though, find the film's plot passé and Tracy'south Hyde far as well understated in appearance to exist constructive:

In the ten years that accept elapsed since Frederic March won his Academy Award for his work in the title roles, movie-goers have become too sophisticated for the sort of medical hocus-pocus on which the Stevenson story is based. Too many Frankensteins and bogey-men take stalked across the screen in the interim for Mr. Hyde to be a disarming monster. While Spencer Tracy does a grand job in his dual role, his Mr. Hyde is inclined to be more humorous than terrifying.^[11]

Some other fan-based publication, Modern Screen, was less subtle in its November 1941 review of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, calling the film "quite the oddest picture of the yr".^[12] The magazine, in part, considered the remake "funniest when obviously it is trying to be most serious and never so routine equally when it is trying hardest to be dissimilar."^[12]

With regard to more contempo critical responses to this version of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, American film reviewer and historian Leonard Maltin in 2014 gave the production 3 out of a possible 4 stars, praising in particular Tracy and Bergman's performances.^[13] The online picture-review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported, every bit of 2022, an approval rating of 58% among professional critics, a score based on 24 reviews, with a rating boilerplate of 6.6/10.^[14] Full general audience reactions to Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde were slightly college on Rotten Tomatoes in approvals, scoring at sixty% and registering a rating boilerplate of 3.5/5 based on over 2,500 responses.^[14]

Awards and honors [edit]

In 2005, the film was nominated by the American Moving picture Constitute to "AFI's 100 Years of Picture Scores".^[16]

References [edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c The Eddie Mannix Ledger, Los Angeles: Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motility Picture Study .
^ ^a ^b Smith 2012, p. 153.
^ Smith 2012, pp. 152–153.
^ ^a ^b "Motion-picture show Versions of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde: 1931 Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (Mamoulian)". The Robert Louis Stevenson Annal (RLS Website). Edinburgh Napier University. Archived from the original on December 23, 2016.
^ "CONTENTdm". digitalcollections.oscars.org . Retrieved 2021-10-21 .
^ ^a ^b "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941)". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
^ Vieira 2003, p. 105.
^ ^a ^b ""Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" review". Variety. July 23, 1941. p. 8.
^ ^a ^b "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde", review The Film Daily (New York, Northward.Y.), July 22, 1941, p.seven, col. 2. Cyberspace Archive. Retrieved Oct thirty, 2018.
^ The mag Hollywood (originally and briefly titled Holly Leaves) dates its history to 1912, ranking information technology among the primeval fan-based publications in the world. It was sold to Fawcett Publications in August 1930. Profiled from "moviemags.com", a guide and database to film publications covering the history of cinema. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde...Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer", review, Hollywood, October 1941, p. 67, cols. ane-2. Internet Annal. Retrieved Oct 28, 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde—AB2*", Modern Screen (New York, Due north.Y.), November 1941, p. 14, cols. 1-2. Net Annal. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
^ Maltin & Sader 2013, p. 390. sfn mistake: no target: CITEREFMaltinSader2013 (help)
^ ^a ^b "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes.com. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2 Oct 2018.
^ Bloom 2014, p. 74.
^ "AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores Nominees" (PDF) . Retrieved 2016-08-06 .

Sources [edit]

Blossom, Abigail (2014). The Literary Monster on Film: Five Nineteenth Century British Novels and Their Cinematic Adaptations. Jefferson, N Carolina: McFarland. ISBN978-0-786-45759-v.
Maltin, Leonard; Sader, Luke; Carson, Darwyn (2013). Leonard Maltin's 2014 Movie Guide. New York: Penguin. ISBN978-0-451-41810-4.
Smith, Angela (2012). Hideous Progeny: Disability, Eugenics, and Classic Horror Cinema. New York: Columbia Academy Press. ISBN978-0-231-52785-9.
Vieira, Mark A. (2003). Hollywood Horror: From Gothic to Catholic . New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN0-8109-4535-5.

External links [edit]

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde at IMDb
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde at AllMovie
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde at the TCM Movie Database
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde at the American Film Institute Itemize
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde at Rotten Tomatoes

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Jekyll_and_Mr._Hyde_(1941_film)

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